Main Article Content
Abstract
This review article examines the relationship between reward management practices and their impact on employee behavior and organizational performance. Reward management, encompassing both financial and non-financial incentives, is crucial in motivating employees, enhancing job satisfaction, and fostering organizational commitment. The research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how various reward strategies affect employee engagement and performance, ultimately influencing the overall success of an organization. The theoretical framework underpinning this investigation draws on a range of existing literature, identifying key theories of employee behavior and motivation, including content, process, and reinforcement theories. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis and qualitative case studies, the study evaluates the effectiveness of different reward practices across multiple sectors. This approach allows for a deeper exploration of the nuanced ways in which rewards influence employee attitudes and behaviors. Findings from the study indicate that strategic alignment of reward systems with organizational goals significantly boosts employee motivation and engagement. Performance-based rewards, including bonuses and recognition programs, are particularly effective in enhancing job satisfaction and productivity. Moreover, non-financial rewards, such as professional development opportunities and workplace recognition, play a vital role in fostering a positive organizational culture and employee retention. The study concludes that a well-designed and effectively implemented reward management system can lead to improved employee performance and organizational competitiveness. Recommendations include aligning reward practices with the strategic objectives of the organization, customizing rewards to meet the diverse needs of employees, and ensuring transparency and fairness in the reward system.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Akinyemi, B., George, B., & Ogundele, A. (2022). Relationship between job satisfaction, pay, affective commitment and turnover intention among registered nurses in Nigeria. Global Journal of Health Science, 14(2), 37.sdpublishers.com
- Yousaf, S. (2020). Dissection of Herzberg's two-factor theory to predict job satisfaction: Empirical evidence from the telecommunication industry of Pakistan.lahoreschool.edu.pk
- Sobaih, A. E. E., & Hasanein, A. M. (2020). Herzberg’s theory of motivation and job satisfaction: Does it work for hotel industry in developing countries?. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(3), 319-343.HTML
- Neher, A., & Maley, J. (2020). Improving the effectiveness of the employee performance management process: A managerial values approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 69(6), 1129-1152.researchgate.net
- Amjad, F., Abbas, W., Zia-Ur-Rehman, M., Baig, S. A., Hashim, M., Khan, A., & Rehman, H. U. (2021). Effect of green human resource management practices on organizational sustainability: the mediating role of environmental and employee performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 28191-28206.academia.edu
- Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Asif, M. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee's performance with the mediating mechanism of employee's motivation. Frontiers in psychology.frontiersin.org
- Bareket-Bojmel, L. (2022). Compensation and rewards for work performance in the Era of Me work world. Engineering the World of Work.HTML
- Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Phetvaroon, K., & Li, J. (2020). Left out of the office “tribe”: The influence of workplace ostracism on employee work engagement. … Hospitality Management.google.com
- Weideman, M., & Hofmeyr, K. B. (2020). The influence of flexible work arrangements on employee engagement: An exploratory study. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 1-18.up.ac.za
- Koo, B., Yu, J., Chua, B. L., Lee, S., & Han, H. (2020). Relationships among emotional and material rewards, job satisfaction, burnout, affective commitment, job performance, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 21(4), 371-401.HTML
- Chien, G. C., Mao, I., Nergui, E., & Chang, W. (2020). The effect of work motivation on employee performance: Empirical evidence from 4-star hotels in Mongolia. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(4), 473-495.researchgate.net
- Kollmann, T., Stöckmann, C., Kensbock, J. M., & Peschl, A. (2020). What satisfies younger versus older employees, and why? An aging perspective on equity theory to explain interactive effects of employee age, monetary rewards, and task contributions on job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 59(1), 101-115.wiley.com
- Tannor, O., Dordaa, F., & Akparep, J. Y. (2024). Agency problems in facility management (FM) outsourcing in the Ghanaian retail sector. Journal of Corporate Real Estate.HTML
- Khang, A., Jadhav, B., & Birajdar, S. (2023). Industry revolution 4.0: workforce competency models and designs. In Designing workforce management systems for industry 4.0 (pp. 11-34). CRC Press.HTML
- Ababneh, O. M. A. (2021). How do green HRM practices affect employees’ green behaviors? The role of employee engagement and personality attributes. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 64(7), 1204-1226.tandfonline.com
- Malik, S. Y., Hayat Mughal, Y., Azam, T., Cao, Y., Wan, Z., Zhu, H., & Thurasamy, R. (2021). Corporate social responsibility, green human resources management, and sustainable performance: is organizational citizenship behavior towards environment the missing link?. Sustainability, 13(3), 1044.mdpi.com
- Baumann, H. M. & Marcum, T. M. (2023). Human capital and legal perspectives on remote work: recommendations for organizations. Management Research Review.HTML
- Hermawan, A., & Arief, N. N. (2023). The analysis of organizational culture for improving corporate performance at PT. XYZ discreet. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 6(1), 245-254.ijcsrr.org
- Monteiro, B., Santos, V., Reis, I., Sampaio, M. C., Sousa, B., Martinho, F., ... & Au-Yong-Oliveira, M. (2020). Employer branding applied to SMEs: A pioneering model proposal for attracting and retaining talent. Information, 11(12), 574.mdpi.com
- Orakwue, A., & Iguisi, O. (2020). Conceptualizing entrepreneurship in human resource management. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 9(3), 85-93.ssbfnet.com
- Armstrong, M. & Taylor, S. (2023). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice: A guide to the theory and practice of people management.HTML
- Harrison, M. I. & Shortell, S. M. (2021). Multi‐level analysis of the learning health system: integrating contributions from research on organizations and implementation. Learning Health Systems.wiley.com
- Alsafadi, Y., & Altahat, S. (2021). Human resource management practices and employee performance: the role of job satisfaction. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 519-529.koreascience.kr
- Tensay, A. T. & Singh, M. (2020). The nexus between HRM, employee engagement and organizational performance of federal public service organizations in Ethiopia. Heliyon.cell.com
- Ghani, B., Zada, M., Memon, K. R., Ullah, R., Khattak, A., Han, H., ... & Araya-Castillo, L. (2022). Challenges and strategies for employee retention in the hospitality industry: A review. Sustainability, 14(5), 2885.mdpi.com
- Thneibat, M. M., & Sweis, R. J. (2023). The impact of performance-based rewards and developmental performance appraisal on innovation: the mediating role of innovative work behaviour. International Journal of productivity and performance management, 72(6), 1646-1666.HTML
- Mamun, M. Z. A. & Khan, M. Y. H. (2020). A Theoretical Study On Factors Influencing Employees Performance, Rewards And Motivation Within Organisation.semanticscholar.org
- Lin, T. K., Werner, K., Witter, S., Alluhidan, M., Alghaith, T., Hamza, M. M., ... & Alazemi, N. (2022). Individual performance-based incentives for health care workers in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries: a systematic literature review. Health Policy, 126(6), 512-521.sciencedirect.com
- Rasool, S. F., Wang, M., Tang, M., Saeed, A., & Iqbal, J. (2021). How toxic workplace environment effects the employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(5), 2294.mdpi.com
- Mughal, Y. H., & Malik, S. Y. (2023). Does commitment moderate relationship between green human resource management practices and employee performance. Open Access Organization and Management Review, 1(1), 33-53.researchgate.net
- Ghouri, A. M., Mani, V., Khan, M. R., Khan, N. R., & Srivastava, A. P. (2020). Enhancing business performance through green human resource management practices: an empirical evidence from Malaysian manufacturing industry. International Journal of productivity and Performance management, 69(8), 1585-1607.lsbu.ac.uk
- Parmentola, A., Petrillo, A., Tutore, I., & De Felice, F. (2022). Is blockchain able to enhance environmental sustainability? A systematic review and research agenda from the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(1), 194-217.wiley.com
- Mousa, S. K. & Othman, M. (2020). The impact of green human resource management practices on sustainable performance in healthcare organisations: A conceptual framework. Journal of cleaner production.academia.edu
- Hoang, T., Suh, J., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). Beyond a numbers game? Impact of diversity and inclusion on the perception of organizational justice. Public Administration Review.HTML
- Kurdi, B., Alshurideh, M., & Alnaser, A. (2020). The impact of employee satisfaction on customer satisfaction: Theoretical and empirical underpinning. Management Science Letters, 10(15), 3561-3570.growingscience.com
- Bumgardner, M. S. & Nicholls, D. L. (2020). Sustainable practices in furniture design: A literature study on customization, biomimicry, competitiveness, and product communication. Forests.mdpi.com
- Mercan, S., Cain, L., Akkaya, K., Cebe, M., Uluagac, S., Alonso, M., & Cobanoglu, C. (2021). Improving the service industry with hyper-connectivity: IoT in hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(1), 243-262.researchgate.net
- Caligiuri, P., De Cieri, H., Minbaeva, D., Verbeke, A., & Zimmermann, A. (2020). International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future research and practice. Journal of international business studies, 51, 697-713.springer.com
- Vahdat, S. (2022). The role of IT-based technologies on the management of human resources in the COVID-19 era. Kybernetes.researchgate.net
- Tewodros, A. (2020). The Effect Of Reward System On Employee's Job Satisfaction (The Case Of Nile Insurance Company Addisababa Branches).dbu.edu.et
- Rahman, M. M. (2024). Assessing the relationship between organisational culture and employees' performance: a study on private banking sector in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business Excellence.HTML
- Hans, S. (2021). Strategic Human Resource Management and Employee Relationship Management: An Approach for Realizing Sustainable Competitive Advantage.. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior.researchgate.net
- Jarrahi, M. H., Kenyon, S., Brown, A., Donahue, C., & Wicher, C. (2023). Artificial intelligence: A strategy to harness its power through organizational learning. Journal of Business Strategy, 44(3), 126-135.researchgate.net
- Din, G. R. A., Shahani, N. U. N., & Baloch, M. N. (2021). Impact of rewards system in employee’s motivation in the organizational context: A quantitative study of manufacturing industry in UAE. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 5(1), 105-122.ideapublishers.org
- Emmanuel, N., & Nwuzor, J. (2021). Employee and Organisational Performance: Employees Perception of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards System. Applied Journal of Economics, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), 26-32.nokspublishing.com
- Saraf, P. K., Saha, S., & Anand, A. (2022). Supportive culture and job involvement in public sector: the mediating role of participation in decision making and organizational learning. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 35(5), 549-567.HTML
- Van den Broeck, A., Howard, J. L., Van Vaerenbergh, Y., Leroy, H., & Gagné, M. (2021). Beyond intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis on self-determination theory’s multidimensional conceptualization of work motivation. Organizational Psychology Review, 11(3), 240-273.curtin.edu.au
- Muzafary, S. S., Ihtesham, A., & Mudassir, H. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of job autonomy and proactive personality: A perspective of self-determination theory. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 15(2), 701-725.creativityjournals.com
- Ciasullo, M. V., Douglas, A., Romeo, E., & Capolupo, N. (2024). Lean Six Sigma and quality performance in Italian public and private hospitals: a gender perspective. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 41(3), 964-989.emerald.com
- Rehman Khan, S. A., Yu, Z., Sarwat, S., Godil, D. I., Amin, S., & Shujaat, S. (2022). The role of block chain technology in circular economy practices to improve organisational performance. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 25(4-5), 605-622.researchgate.net
- Côté, D., Durant, S., MacEachen, E., Majowicz, S., Meyer, S., Huynh, A. T., ... & Dubé, J. (2021). A rapid scoping review of COVID‐19 and vulnerable workers: Intersecting occupational and public health issues. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 64(7), 551-566.nih.gov
- Zhang, A., Boltz, A., Wang, C. W., & Lee, M. K. (2022, April). Algorithmic management reimagined for workers and by workers: Centering worker well-being in gig work. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-20).acm.org
- Alderwick, H., Hutchings, A., Briggs, A., & Mays, N. (2021). The impacts of collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations and factors shaping how they work: a systematic review of reviews. BMC Public Health.springer.com
- Long, T. (2024). Why are employee assistance programmes under‐utilised and marginalised and how to address it? A critical review and a labour process analysis. Human Resource Management Journal.wiley.com
- Mahoney, J. L., Weissberg, R. P., Greenberg, M. T., Dusenbury, L., Jagers, R. J., Niemi, K., ... & Yoder, N. (2021). Systemic social and emotional learning: Promoting educational success for all preschool to high school students. American Psychologist, 76(7), 1128.amazonaws.com
- Igbokwe, I. C. (2023). Application of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational management. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 13(3), 300-307.researchgate.net
References
Akinyemi, B., George, B., & Ogundele, A. (2022). Relationship between job satisfaction, pay, affective commitment and turnover intention among registered nurses in Nigeria. Global Journal of Health Science, 14(2), 37.sdpublishers.com
Yousaf, S. (2020). Dissection of Herzberg's two-factor theory to predict job satisfaction: Empirical evidence from the telecommunication industry of Pakistan.lahoreschool.edu.pk
Sobaih, A. E. E., & Hasanein, A. M. (2020). Herzberg’s theory of motivation and job satisfaction: Does it work for hotel industry in developing countries?. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(3), 319-343.HTML
Neher, A., & Maley, J. (2020). Improving the effectiveness of the employee performance management process: A managerial values approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 69(6), 1129-1152.researchgate.net
Amjad, F., Abbas, W., Zia-Ur-Rehman, M., Baig, S. A., Hashim, M., Khan, A., & Rehman, H. U. (2021). Effect of green human resource management practices on organizational sustainability: the mediating role of environmental and employee performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 28191-28206.academia.edu
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Asif, M. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee's performance with the mediating mechanism of employee's motivation. Frontiers in psychology.frontiersin.org
Bareket-Bojmel, L. (2022). Compensation and rewards for work performance in the Era of Me work world. Engineering the World of Work.HTML
Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Phetvaroon, K., & Li, J. (2020). Left out of the office “tribe”: The influence of workplace ostracism on employee work engagement. … Hospitality Management.google.com
Weideman, M., & Hofmeyr, K. B. (2020). The influence of flexible work arrangements on employee engagement: An exploratory study. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 1-18.up.ac.za
Koo, B., Yu, J., Chua, B. L., Lee, S., & Han, H. (2020). Relationships among emotional and material rewards, job satisfaction, burnout, affective commitment, job performance, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 21(4), 371-401.HTML
Chien, G. C., Mao, I., Nergui, E., & Chang, W. (2020). The effect of work motivation on employee performance: Empirical evidence from 4-star hotels in Mongolia. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(4), 473-495.researchgate.net
Kollmann, T., Stöckmann, C., Kensbock, J. M., & Peschl, A. (2020). What satisfies younger versus older employees, and why? An aging perspective on equity theory to explain interactive effects of employee age, monetary rewards, and task contributions on job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 59(1), 101-115.wiley.com
Tannor, O., Dordaa, F., & Akparep, J. Y. (2024). Agency problems in facility management (FM) outsourcing in the Ghanaian retail sector. Journal of Corporate Real Estate.HTML
Khang, A., Jadhav, B., & Birajdar, S. (2023). Industry revolution 4.0: workforce competency models and designs. In Designing workforce management systems for industry 4.0 (pp. 11-34). CRC Press.HTML
Ababneh, O. M. A. (2021). How do green HRM practices affect employees’ green behaviors? The role of employee engagement and personality attributes. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 64(7), 1204-1226.tandfonline.com
Malik, S. Y., Hayat Mughal, Y., Azam, T., Cao, Y., Wan, Z., Zhu, H., & Thurasamy, R. (2021). Corporate social responsibility, green human resources management, and sustainable performance: is organizational citizenship behavior towards environment the missing link?. Sustainability, 13(3), 1044.mdpi.com
Baumann, H. M. & Marcum, T. M. (2023). Human capital and legal perspectives on remote work: recommendations for organizations. Management Research Review.HTML
Hermawan, A., & Arief, N. N. (2023). The analysis of organizational culture for improving corporate performance at PT. XYZ discreet. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 6(1), 245-254.ijcsrr.org
Monteiro, B., Santos, V., Reis, I., Sampaio, M. C., Sousa, B., Martinho, F., ... & Au-Yong-Oliveira, M. (2020). Employer branding applied to SMEs: A pioneering model proposal for attracting and retaining talent. Information, 11(12), 574.mdpi.com
Orakwue, A., & Iguisi, O. (2020). Conceptualizing entrepreneurship in human resource management. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 9(3), 85-93.ssbfnet.com
Armstrong, M. & Taylor, S. (2023). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice: A guide to the theory and practice of people management.HTML
Harrison, M. I. & Shortell, S. M. (2021). Multi‐level analysis of the learning health system: integrating contributions from research on organizations and implementation. Learning Health Systems.wiley.com
Alsafadi, Y., & Altahat, S. (2021). Human resource management practices and employee performance: the role of job satisfaction. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 519-529.koreascience.kr
Tensay, A. T. & Singh, M. (2020). The nexus between HRM, employee engagement and organizational performance of federal public service organizations in Ethiopia. Heliyon.cell.com
Ghani, B., Zada, M., Memon, K. R., Ullah, R., Khattak, A., Han, H., ... & Araya-Castillo, L. (2022). Challenges and strategies for employee retention in the hospitality industry: A review. Sustainability, 14(5), 2885.mdpi.com
Thneibat, M. M., & Sweis, R. J. (2023). The impact of performance-based rewards and developmental performance appraisal on innovation: the mediating role of innovative work behaviour. International Journal of productivity and performance management, 72(6), 1646-1666.HTML
Mamun, M. Z. A. & Khan, M. Y. H. (2020). A Theoretical Study On Factors Influencing Employees Performance, Rewards And Motivation Within Organisation.semanticscholar.org
Lin, T. K., Werner, K., Witter, S., Alluhidan, M., Alghaith, T., Hamza, M. M., ... & Alazemi, N. (2022). Individual performance-based incentives for health care workers in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries: a systematic literature review. Health Policy, 126(6), 512-521.sciencedirect.com
Rasool, S. F., Wang, M., Tang, M., Saeed, A., & Iqbal, J. (2021). How toxic workplace environment effects the employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(5), 2294.mdpi.com
Mughal, Y. H., & Malik, S. Y. (2023). Does commitment moderate relationship between green human resource management practices and employee performance. Open Access Organization and Management Review, 1(1), 33-53.researchgate.net
Ghouri, A. M., Mani, V., Khan, M. R., Khan, N. R., & Srivastava, A. P. (2020). Enhancing business performance through green human resource management practices: an empirical evidence from Malaysian manufacturing industry. International Journal of productivity and Performance management, 69(8), 1585-1607.lsbu.ac.uk
Parmentola, A., Petrillo, A., Tutore, I., & De Felice, F. (2022). Is blockchain able to enhance environmental sustainability? A systematic review and research agenda from the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(1), 194-217.wiley.com
Mousa, S. K. & Othman, M. (2020). The impact of green human resource management practices on sustainable performance in healthcare organisations: A conceptual framework. Journal of cleaner production.academia.edu
Hoang, T., Suh, J., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). Beyond a numbers game? Impact of diversity and inclusion on the perception of organizational justice. Public Administration Review.HTML
Kurdi, B., Alshurideh, M., & Alnaser, A. (2020). The impact of employee satisfaction on customer satisfaction: Theoretical and empirical underpinning. Management Science Letters, 10(15), 3561-3570.growingscience.com
Bumgardner, M. S. & Nicholls, D. L. (2020). Sustainable practices in furniture design: A literature study on customization, biomimicry, competitiveness, and product communication. Forests.mdpi.com
Mercan, S., Cain, L., Akkaya, K., Cebe, M., Uluagac, S., Alonso, M., & Cobanoglu, C. (2021). Improving the service industry with hyper-connectivity: IoT in hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(1), 243-262.researchgate.net
Caligiuri, P., De Cieri, H., Minbaeva, D., Verbeke, A., & Zimmermann, A. (2020). International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future research and practice. Journal of international business studies, 51, 697-713.springer.com
Vahdat, S. (2022). The role of IT-based technologies on the management of human resources in the COVID-19 era. Kybernetes.researchgate.net
Tewodros, A. (2020). The Effect Of Reward System On Employee's Job Satisfaction (The Case Of Nile Insurance Company Addisababa Branches).dbu.edu.et
Rahman, M. M. (2024). Assessing the relationship between organisational culture and employees' performance: a study on private banking sector in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business Excellence.HTML
Hans, S. (2021). Strategic Human Resource Management and Employee Relationship Management: An Approach for Realizing Sustainable Competitive Advantage.. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior.researchgate.net
Jarrahi, M. H., Kenyon, S., Brown, A., Donahue, C., & Wicher, C. (2023). Artificial intelligence: A strategy to harness its power through organizational learning. Journal of Business Strategy, 44(3), 126-135.researchgate.net
Din, G. R. A., Shahani, N. U. N., & Baloch, M. N. (2021). Impact of rewards system in employee’s motivation in the organizational context: A quantitative study of manufacturing industry in UAE. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 5(1), 105-122.ideapublishers.org
Emmanuel, N., & Nwuzor, J. (2021). Employee and Organisational Performance: Employees Perception of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards System. Applied Journal of Economics, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), 26-32.nokspublishing.com
Saraf, P. K., Saha, S., & Anand, A. (2022). Supportive culture and job involvement in public sector: the mediating role of participation in decision making and organizational learning. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 35(5), 549-567.HTML
Van den Broeck, A., Howard, J. L., Van Vaerenbergh, Y., Leroy, H., & Gagné, M. (2021). Beyond intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis on self-determination theory’s multidimensional conceptualization of work motivation. Organizational Psychology Review, 11(3), 240-273.curtin.edu.au
Muzafary, S. S., Ihtesham, A., & Mudassir, H. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of job autonomy and proactive personality: A perspective of self-determination theory. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 15(2), 701-725.creativityjournals.com
Ciasullo, M. V., Douglas, A., Romeo, E., & Capolupo, N. (2024). Lean Six Sigma and quality performance in Italian public and private hospitals: a gender perspective. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 41(3), 964-989.emerald.com
Rehman Khan, S. A., Yu, Z., Sarwat, S., Godil, D. I., Amin, S., & Shujaat, S. (2022). The role of block chain technology in circular economy practices to improve organisational performance. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 25(4-5), 605-622.researchgate.net
Côté, D., Durant, S., MacEachen, E., Majowicz, S., Meyer, S., Huynh, A. T., ... & Dubé, J. (2021). A rapid scoping review of COVID‐19 and vulnerable workers: Intersecting occupational and public health issues. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 64(7), 551-566.nih.gov
Zhang, A., Boltz, A., Wang, C. W., & Lee, M. K. (2022, April). Algorithmic management reimagined for workers and by workers: Centering worker well-being in gig work. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-20).acm.org
Alderwick, H., Hutchings, A., Briggs, A., & Mays, N. (2021). The impacts of collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations and factors shaping how they work: a systematic review of reviews. BMC Public Health.springer.com
Long, T. (2024). Why are employee assistance programmes under‐utilised and marginalised and how to address it? A critical review and a labour process analysis. Human Resource Management Journal.wiley.com
Mahoney, J. L., Weissberg, R. P., Greenberg, M. T., Dusenbury, L., Jagers, R. J., Niemi, K., ... & Yoder, N. (2021). Systemic social and emotional learning: Promoting educational success for all preschool to high school students. American Psychologist, 76(7), 1128.amazonaws.com
Igbokwe, I. C. (2023). Application of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational management. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 13(3), 300-307.researchgate.net