International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Research

Exploring communication modes and cultural significance in soothsaying practices in Upper East Region of Ghana

Thomas Aazagsiba Agana — 2024-12-18

This study delves into the communication modes and cultural importance of soothsaying practices in the Upper East Region of Ghana, employing Symbolic Interactionism and Ritual Communication Theory as theoretical frameworks. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including structured interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and participant observation, the study seeks to examine the diverse communicative modes adopted by soothsayers, encompassing verbal, non-verbal, and symbolic modalities. Thematic analysis was employed to identify and analyze patterns and themes pertaining to the communication modes, methods, and practices, as well as their cultural meanings. The study elucidated the cultural ramifications and societal relevance of soothsaying practices within this region, providing a comprehensive understanding of their role in local traditions and community dynamics. The main findings of the study revealed that placing money on the shrine or altar as part of the ritual process is viewed as a form of energy exchange, facilitating communication between the client, the soothsayer, and the spiritual entities involved. It symbolizes the client's commitment and sincerity in seeking spiritual help. Based on the findings, the study offers recommendations for preserving these practices, integrating them into broader cultural heritage initiatives, and promoting their understanding and appreciation within and beyond the local communities.

Suicide and Suicide Attempts among Patients Attending a District Hospital in Ghana: A Retrospective Study

Dennis Bomansang Daliri — 2024-12-18

Suicide and suicidal attempts have become a public health concern worldwide as it is the second leading cause of death among the youth. Despite its impact on public health, few studies on this menace exist in low- and middle-income countries like Ghana. This study sought to review the data of patients who have been involved in suicide and suicidal attempts in a district hospital in the Upper East Region of Ghana. This is a retrospective review of the records of patients (outpatient and inpatients) who attempted or completed suicide. The study was conducted in the War Memorial Hospital from April to May 2023. Data extraction covered January 2016 to December 2021. The study identified 162 cases of suicide (attempted and completed) with 80 (49.4%) males and 82 (50.6%) females. The mean age of culprits was 32.0±16.1. Even though more females attempted suicide, more males completed it. The commonest method used in suicidal attempts was chemical ingestion (poisoning). Also, the year 2020 recorded the highest number of suicidal attempts and completed suicide (24.7%). People between the ages of 18-25 were found to attempt suicide the most (38.9%). There is a need for urgent education among the youth about suicide. Also, using less poisonous mechanisms for agricultural practices such as adopting organic methods of agriculture may help reduce the accessibility of the pesticides used in suicide attempts.

Impact of Stress Management Interventions on Employee Performance: A Systematic Review

Charles Ephrim — 2024-11-12

Workplace stress is a pervasive issue that diminishes employee productivity, well-being, and retention across industries. This systematic review explores the effectiveness of stress management interventions in enhancing employee performance, synthesizing findings from studies published between 2013 and 2023. Employing the PRISMA guidelines, a rigorous selection process identified key interventions: mindfulness practices, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), physical activity programs, and employee assistance programs (EAPs). The review reveals that mindfulness-based interventions and CBT stand out for their substantial impact on reducing psychological stress and enhancing focus, resilience, and job satisfaction. Physical activity programs yield moderate benefits, mainly contributing to physical well-being and indirectly influencing productivity, while EAPs offer valuable support for employees facing acute stressors but vary in efficacy depending on participation levels. Performance metrics analyzed include productivity, job satisfaction, absenteeism, retention, decision-making, and teamwork. Mindfulness and CBT particularly improve cognitive performance, attention, and interpersonal interactions, contributing to overall workplace harmony and efficiency. However, implementation challenges persist, including high costs, variable employee engagement, and sustaining long-term adherence, particularly in small to medium-sized enterprises. This review underscores the critical role of organizational support and culture in promoting effective stress management and maintaining engagement. The findings offer actionable insights for HR professionals and organizational leaders, advocating for a tailored approach to intervention selection and integration into workplace culture. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to evaluate the enduring impacts of stress management programs and explore hybrid approaches that combine mental and physical wellness strategies. This comprehensive review highlights the importance of prioritizing stress management as a strategic tool for enhancing employee performance, ultimately fostering healthier, more resilient workplaces.