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Abstract
The study examined the typologies, negotiation for space, and the inherent risks in street trading in the Tamale Metropolis of the Northern Region of Ghana. To achieve these objectives, a mixed-method approach was employed to carry out the study. The simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data from fifty-six (56) respondents and twenty-five (25) key informants respectively. The analysis of the data gathered revealed that there were three main typologies of street traders in Tamale Metropolis and these were permanent, intermittent, and mobile street traders. It was also revealed that street traders in Tamale were exposed to various risks such as harassment by city authorities, theft, and exposure to health hazards. A number of driving factors such as lack of capital, lack of employment, difficulties in securing stores, and poverty among others were responsible for street trading in the Tamale Metropolis. The Government of Ghana through the Ministry of Trades and Industry and the District Assembly should provide a congenial environment for street trading in the Tamale Metropolis to ensure the safety of the traders.
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References
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- AFBD, (2013). State of African Cities 2008: “A Framework for addressing urban challenges in Africa.” Nairobi AFDB.
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- Cross, J. (2000). Street Vendors, Modernity and Postmodernity: Conflict and Compromise in the Global Economy. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. Vol 20, Number1/2. Pp 30-52.
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- Elwood, S. A. & Martin, D. G. (2000). Placing interviews: Location and scales of power in qualitative research. Professional Geographer, 52 (4), 649-657.
- Hart K. (1973). Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana: Journal of Modern African Studies, 11 (3), 61-89.
- Hohenberg, P. M. (1988). Urban systems and economic development: The European long term and its implications. Background Paper for the World Development Report (1999/2000), Washington DC, World Bank.
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References
Adekunle, S. (2015). The dual-sex political system in operation Igbo women and community, Lagos, University Press
AFBD, (2013). State of African Cities 2008: “A Framework for addressing urban challenges in Africa.” Nairobi AFDB.
Alfers, L. (2009). Occupational health and safety for market and street traders in Accra and Takoradi, Ghana Livelihoods - A People-centred approach to reducing poverty. Accra, McGowan.
Anderson, H. (2012). Collaborative Practice: A way of being “with”. Psychotherapy and Politics International,10(2), 130–145. Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com)
Asiedu, A. & Agyei-Mensah, S. (2008). Traders on the run: Activities of street vendors associated with waste scavenging in Kumasi, Ghana: Ghana Journal of Geography 6, 68–69. available at http://www. sewaresearch.org/impact.pdf.
Babbie, E. (1989). The practice of social research (5th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Beccles, R. (2014). Street Vending in Ghana; A solution or a Problem for development? University of Kassel, Social Sciences, MA Global Political Economy. 1 - 15
Bénit-Gbaffou, C. (2016). Do street traders have the ‘right to the city’? The politics of street trader organisations in inner-city Johannesburg, post-Operation Clean Sweep. February 2016 Third World Quarterly 37(6). DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2016.1141660.
Berg, R. (2001). The logic of collective action, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Bhowmik, S. K. (2007). Street vendors in Asia: A Review of Economic and Political Weekly, 2256-2264.
Bromley, G. (2007). Street entrepreneurs: people, place, and politics in local and global perspective. In J. Cross and A. Amorales (eds.) (Eds.), London: Rout ledge.
Cheru, M. (2000). Emerging urban economic activities and their implications for urban Planning: A case study of Kumasi. Unpublished Thesis. Kumasi, Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
Chen, A. M. (2012). The informal economy: Definitions, theories, and policies. Cambridge: WIEGO.
Chen, M. A. (2005). Rethinking the informal economy: Linkages with the formal economy and the formal regulator environment: Research Paper. No: 10. United Nation University.
Collins, A. & Gurtoo, A. (2012). Tanzania: Is the ugly duckling finally growing up? Research Report 120, OECD Project on Emerging Africa, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
Cross, J. C. & Morales, A. (eds.) (2007). Street entrepreneurs: people, place, and politics in local and global perspective. London, Routledge.
Cross, J. (2000). Street Vendors, Modernity and Postmodernity: Conflict and Compromise in the Global Economy. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. Vol 20, Number1/2. Pp 30-52.
Danielle, R. (2021) The politics of urban governance in sub-Saharan Africa, Regional & Federal Studies, 31:1, 139-161, DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2020.1774371
Elwood, S. A. & Martin, D. G. (2000). Placing interviews: Location and scales of power in qualitative research. Professional Geographer, 52 (4), 649-657.
Hart K. (1973). Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana: Journal of Modern African Studies, 11 (3), 61-89.
Hohenberg, P. M. (1988). Urban systems and economic development: The European long term and its implications. Background Paper for the World Development Report (1999/2000), Washington DC, World Bank.
International Labour Organisation, (2002). Decent Work and the informal economy: Geneva; International Labour Office.