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Abstract
Among the Yoruba, it is a general belief that people engage in ayò ọlọ́pọ́n to reduce stress, create jokes, and have fun. Because of its entertainment value, ayò ọlọ́pọ́n is generally played in the evening, as a relaxer after the day’s work. As a result of this belief, information emanating from the ayò context is believed to be trivial. However, contrary to the beliefs on ayò ọlọ́pọ́n, this study investigated ayò ọlọ́pọ́n as a popular and reliable Yoruba cultural activity that mirrors Ifá’s primary roles of making an enquiry. This study employed symbolism, a semiotic mode that relates to the interpretation of what something or somebody stands for or another, in one or more capacity. Symbolism of ayò ọlọ́pọ́n was compared with and related to Ifá. It was found from the study that ayò ọlọ́pọ́n have a relative role with Ifá- the oracle of divination and wisdom consulted to solve problems and provide solutions out of crisis. This role is validated in ayò ọlọ́pọ́n as supplementary in addition to the general function of relaxation and entertainment that it is mostly known for. The study concludes that like any other human activity that can be imitated, adapted, and adopted into play, ayò ọlọ́pọ́n is an imitation or adaptation of Ifá. Therefore, Ayò ọlọ́pọ́n is a telescope of Ifá divination.
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References
- Abímbọ́lá, W. (1968). Ìjìnlẹ̀ ohùn ẹnu ifá Apá kìíní. Ọ̀yọ́: Aim Publishers.
- Abímbọ́lá, W. (1969). Ìjìnlẹ̀ ohùn ẹnu ifá Apá kejì. Ọ̀yọ́: Oxford University Press.
- Abímbọ́lá, W. (1976). Ifá: An Exposition of Ifá Literary Corpus. Ìbàdàn: Oxford University Press.
- Abiọdun, M. (1998). Insults as jokes: A study of Language use in the context of the game of Ayò. Journal of Nigerian Languages and Literatures, 6, 39-43.
- Akporobaro, F. B. O. (2012). Introduction to African Oral Literature. Lagos: Princeton Publishing Company.
- Appiah-Aggy, A. (2013). “Ayo olopon player.” Retrieved from www.nigeriabestform.com/belong/?Ayo olopon.html.
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- Awodiran, O. A. (2012). Ifá: Ohùn Ìjìnlẹ Ayé (Ifa Philosophy of Life). Lagos: Gbenga Ventures.
- Comb, G., & Freedman, J. (1990). Symbol Story & Ceremony: Using Metaphor in Individual and Family Therapy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
- Daramola, O., & Jeje, A. (1967). Awọn Aṣa àti Orisa Yoruba. Ibadan: Onibọn-Oje Press.
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- Ifayẹmi, Ẹ. (2023). "Asán nínú asán" (vanity upon vanity): An audio-visual clip on Ifá corpus.
- Kennedy, X. J., & Gioia, D. (2007). An Introduction to Poetry (12th ed.). Pearson and Longman.
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- Lenski, G., & Lenski, J. (1987). Human Societies: An Introduction to Macrosociology (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
- Okewande, O. T. (2017). A Semiotic Investigation of Links between Ifá, Ìbejì, and Ayò Ọlọ́pọ́n. (Ph.D. diss.), Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti.
- Oyèlékè, R., Igbe, T., Justice, E., & Aworinde, H. (2014). African Contextual Cognitive for Demented Patients: The game AyòỌlọ́pọ́n. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278409850_AFRICAN_CONTEXTUAL_COGNITIVE_EXERCISE_FOR_DEMENTED_PATIENTS_THE_GAME_AYO_OLOPON
- Ọladapọ, Ọ. (2010). Akọbẹrẹ Ewi (1). Ibadan: Ọlatunbọsun Record Company.
- Ọladimeji. (2017, January 21). You’re now wiser after leaving office: Ọbasanjọ tells Jonathan. The Nation, pp. 1 and 8.
- Ọlátúnjí, Ọ. (2005). Features of Yorùbá Oral Poetry. Ibadan: University Press.
- Peirce, S. (1931). Semiotics. Retrieved from http://www.singnosemio.can/peirce/semiotics.asp.
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References
Abímbọ́lá, W. (1968). Ìjìnlẹ̀ ohùn ẹnu ifá Apá kìíní. Ọ̀yọ́: Aim Publishers.
Abímbọ́lá, W. (1969). Ìjìnlẹ̀ ohùn ẹnu ifá Apá kejì. Ọ̀yọ́: Oxford University Press.
Abímbọ́lá, W. (1976). Ifá: An Exposition of Ifá Literary Corpus. Ìbàdàn: Oxford University Press.
Abiọdun, M. (1998). Insults as jokes: A study of Language use in the context of the game of Ayò. Journal of Nigerian Languages and Literatures, 6, 39-43.
Akporobaro, F. B. O. (2012). Introduction to African Oral Literature. Lagos: Princeton Publishing Company.
Appiah-Aggy, A. (2013). “Ayo olopon player.” Retrieved from www.nigeriabestform.com/belong/?Ayo olopon.html.
Arómọláran, A., & Oyèbámijí, M. (1976). Àkọ́mọlédè Ìjìnlẹ̀ Yorùbá (3). Lagos: Macmillan Nig. Limited.
Awodiran, O. A. (2012). Ifá: Ohùn Ìjìnlẹ Ayé (Ifa Philosophy of Life). Lagos: Gbenga Ventures.
Comb, G., & Freedman, J. (1990). Symbol Story & Ceremony: Using Metaphor in Individual and Family Therapy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Daramola, O., & Jeje, A. (1967). Awọn Aṣa àti Orisa Yoruba. Ibadan: Onibọn-Oje Press.
Egobiambu, E. (2021). The African game aiming for Olympic recognition. Retrieved from https://www.channelstv.com/2021/11/04/ayo-olopon-the-african-game-aiming-for-olympics-recognition/
Ẹkudayọ, K. (1978). Ere Ṣise ni Ilẹ Yoruba. In O. Olajubu (Ed.), Iwe Aṣa Ibilẹ Yoruba (pp. 178-188). Lagos: Longman Nig. Limited.
Ifayẹmi, Ẹ. (2023). "Asán nínú asán" (vanity upon vanity): An audio-visual clip on Ifá corpus.
Kennedy, X. J., & Gioia, D. (2007). An Introduction to Poetry (12th ed.). Pearson and Longman.
McGee, A. (1983). Some Mathematical Observations on the Ifá Belief System Practiced by the Yorùbá people of Nigeria. Journal of Culture and Ideas, 1(1), 95-114.
Na’Allah, A. (2010). Discourse in Islam, Oral Traditions, and Performance. Retrieved from book.google.com.ng/books?i01YCBdDqZJ4Loc&PA39&1pg=PA398&dqYoruba+traditional+ganes&source=bi&ots=4desPaHAFW&Sing=YxIZnyVKCWCOKJ1+,VV8U
Lenski, G., & Lenski, J. (1987). Human Societies: An Introduction to Macrosociology (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Okewande, O. T. (2017). A Semiotic Investigation of Links between Ifá, Ìbejì, and Ayò Ọlọ́pọ́n. (Ph.D. diss.), Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti.
Oyèlékè, R., Igbe, T., Justice, E., & Aworinde, H. (2014). African Contextual Cognitive for Demented Patients: The game AyòỌlọ́pọ́n. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278409850_AFRICAN_CONTEXTUAL_COGNITIVE_EXERCISE_FOR_DEMENTED_PATIENTS_THE_GAME_AYO_OLOPON
Ọladapọ, Ọ. (2010). Akọbẹrẹ Ewi (1). Ibadan: Ọlatunbọsun Record Company.
Ọladimeji. (2017, January 21). You’re now wiser after leaving office: Ọbasanjọ tells Jonathan. The Nation, pp. 1 and 8.
Ọlátúnjí, Ọ. (2005). Features of Yorùbá Oral Poetry. Ibadan: University Press.
Peirce, S. (1931). Semiotics. Retrieved from http://www.singnosemio.can/peirce/semiotics.asp.
Roy, B. I. (2003). Anthropology: The study of Man. New Delhi: S Chand & Company limited.
Saussure, F. de. (1974). Course in General Linguistics. Collins.